Single Subject Research: Alternatif Penelitian Pendidikan Matematika di Masa New Normal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37640/jim.v2i2.1040Keywords:
COVID-19 Pandemic, Educational Research, Single Subject ResearchAbstract
After confirming the positive case on March 2, 2020, online learning and distance learning is one of the alternatives for learning that is carried out in Indonesia. Apart from the advantages and disadvantages, this learning is an alternative so that learning continues during the COVID-19 pandemic. In connection with this condition, research in the field of education must also adapt to several new phenomena such as limited face-to-face learning, so researchers need to think about research designs that are relevant to the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Single subject research or often referred to as Single Case Experiment Design is one of the alternative research methods that can be carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, where one of the characteristics of this research is to focus on one subject, so there is no need to use relatively large subjects to conduct experiments.
References
Amani, M. (2021). Gelombang Ketiga COVID-19 RI Diprediksi Desember, Ini Peringatan Epidemiolog. Kompas.Com, 2021.
Basilaia, G., & Kvavadze, D. (2020). Transition to Online Education in Schools during a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Georgia. Pedagogical Research, 5(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7937
Bauerlein, M. (2008). Online literacy is a lesser kind: Slow reading counterbalances Web skimming. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 54(31).
Bobrovitz, C. D., & Ottenbacher, K. J. (1998). Comparison of visual inspection and statistical analysis of single-subject data in rehabilitation research. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 77(2), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002060-199803000-00002
Bourne, J., Harris, D., & Mayadas, F. (2005). Online Engineering Education: Learning Anywhere, Anytime. Journal of Engineering Education, 94(1), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2005.tb00834.x
Busk, P. L., & Marascuilo, L. A. (2015). Statistical analysis in single-case research: Issues, procedures, and recommendations, with applications to multiple behaviors. In Single-case research design and analysis (psychology revivals) (pp. 171–198). Routledge.
Cakiroglu, O. (2012). Single subject research: Applications to special education. British Journal of Special Education, 39(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8578.2012.00530.x
CNN Indonesia. (2021). Jokowi?: COVID-19 Tidak Mungkin Hilang Total J. CNN Indonesia.
Datiilo, J., Gast, D. L., Loy, D. P., & Malley, S. (2000). Use of Single -Subject Research Designs in Therapeutic Recreation. Therapeutic Recreation Journal,. 34(3), 253-270.
Fisch, G. S. (2001). Evaluating data from behavioral analysis: Visual inspection or statistical models? Behavioural Processes, 54(1–3), 137–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-6357(01)00155-3
Freeman, K. A., & Eagle, R. F. (2011). Single-subject research designs. In Understanding Research in Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Second Edition (pp. 124–154). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203831700
Gast, D. L., & Ledford, J. R. (2014). Single subject research methodology in behavioral sciences. Routledge.
Gunawan, G., Suranti, N. M. Y., & Fathoroni, F. (2020). Variations of Models and Learning Platforms for Prospective Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period. Indonesian Journal of Teacher Education, 1(2), 61–70.
Horner, R. H., Carr, E. G., Halle, J., McGee, G., Odom, S., & Wolery, M. (2005). The use of single-subject research to identify evidence-based practice in special education. Exceptional Children, 71(2), 165–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440290507100203
Hung, M. L., & Chou, C. (2015). Students’ perceptions of instructors’ roles in blended and online learning environments: A comparative study. Computers and Education, 81, 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.10.022
James, K. P. (2016). Single-subject research method: The needed simplification. British Journal of Education, 4(6), 68–95.
Kazdin, A. E. (2021). Single-case experimental designs: Characteristics, changes, and challenges. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 115(1), 56–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeab.638
Kim, K.-J., & Bonk, C. (2006). The future of online teaching and learning in higher education. Educause quarterly, 29(4), 22-30.
Kompas. (2021). Jokowi?: COVID-19 Tak Mungkin Hilang Secara Total ... Kompas.Com.
Koscinski, S. T., & Gast, D. L. (1993). Use of Constant Time Delay in Teaching Multiplication Fact to Students with LEarning Disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26(8), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949302600807
Kratochwill, T. R. (2013). Single subject research: Strategies for evaluating change. Academic Press.
Kromrey, J. D., & Foster-johnson, L. (1996). Determining the efficacy of intervention: The use of effect sizes for data analysis in single-subject research. Journal of Experimental Education, 65(1), 73–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1996.9943464
Lane, J. D., & Gast, D. L. (2014). Visual analysis in single case experimental design studies: Brief review and guidelines. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 24(3–4), 445–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2013.815636
Laprairie, K. N., & Hinson, J. M. (2006). When Disaster Strikes, Move Your School Online. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 35(2), 209–214. https://doi.org/10.2190/d154-xk20-7264-5013
Manolov, R., & Solanas, A. (2009). Percentage of nonoverlapping corrected data. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1262–1271. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1262
Means, B. (2010). Technology and education change: Focus on student learning. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(3), 285–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2010.10782552
Nakamura, Y., Yoshitomi, K., & Kawazoe, M. (2018). Distance Learning, E-Learning and Blended Learning in Mathematics Education. In Distance Learning, E-Learning and Blended Learning in Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90790-1
Neuman, S. B., & McCormick, S. (1995). Single Subject Experimental Research: Application for Literacy. International Reading Association.
Ottenbacher, K. J. (1990). Visual inspection of single-subject data: An empirical analysis. Mental Retardation, 28(5), 283-290.
Özyurt, Ö., Özyurt, H., Baki, A., & Güven, B. (2013). Integration into mathematics classrooms of an adaptive and intelligent individualized e-learning environment: Implementation and evaluation of UZWEBMAT. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 726–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.11.013
Parker, R. I., Hagan-Burke, S., & Vannest, K. (2007). Percentage of all non-overlapping data (PAND) an alternative to PND. The Journal of Special Education, 40(4), 194–204. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224669070400040101
Prahmana, R. C. I. (2021). Single Subject Research (Teori dan Implementasinya: Suatu Pengantar). UAD Press.
Rassafiani, M., & Sahaf, R. (2010). Single case experimental design: an overview. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 17(6), 285–289. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2010.17.6.48151
Scruggs, T. E., & Mastropieri, M. A. (1998). Summarizing single-subject research: Issues and applications. Behavior Modification, 22(3), 221–242. ttps://doi.org/10.1177/01454455980223001
Scruggs, T. E., & Mastropieri, M. A. (2001). How to summarize single-participant research: Ideas and applications. Exceptionality, 9(4), 227–244.
Scruggs, T. E., Mastropieri, M. A., Cook, S. B., & Escobar, C. (1986). Early Intervention for Children with Conduct Disorders: A Quantitative Synthesis of Single-Subject Research. Behavioral Disorders, 11(4), 260–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/019874298601100408
Setiawan, A. R. (2020). Scientific Literacy Worksheets for Distance Learning in the Topic of Coronavirus 2019. Reading Academic Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.027
Setiawan, A. R., & Ilmiyah, S. (2020). Students’ Worksheet for Distance Learning Based on Scientific Literacy in the Topic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). EdArXiv. https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/h4632
Smart, K. L., & Cappel, J. L. (2006). Students’ Perceptions of Online Learning: A Comparative Study. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 5(1), 201–219. https://doi.org/10.28945/243
Smith, J. D. (2012). Single-case experimental designs: a systematic review of published research and current standards. Psychological Methods, 17(4), 510. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029312
S?en, N., & S?en, S. (2019). Calculation of effect size in single-subject experimental studies: Examination of non-regression-based methods. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 10(1), 30–48. https://doi.org/10.21031/epod.419625
Strain, P. S., Kohler, F. W., & Gresham, F. (1992). Problems in Logic and Interpretation with Quantitative Syntheses of Single-Case Research: Mathur and Colleagues (199S) as a Case in Poin. Behavioral Disorder, 24(I), 74–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/019874299802400107
Stringfield, S. G., Luscre, D., & Gast, D. L. (2011). Effects of a story map on accelerated reader postreading test scores in students with high-functioning autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 26(4), 218–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088357611423543
Sulisworo, D., Rohmadheny, P. S., Fatimah, N., & Arif, D. B. (2020). Learning analytics to predict student achievement in online learning during COVID- 19 mitigation. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(10), 1844–1861. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I10/PR300210
Sunanto, J., Takeuchi, K., & Nakata, H. (2005). Pengantar Penelitian Dengan Subyek Tunggal. UPI Press.
Taha, M. H., Abdalla, M. E., Wadi, M., & Khalafalla, H. (2020). Curriculum delivery in Medical Education during an emergency: A guide based on the responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. MedEdPublish, 9. https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2020.000069.1
Tosepu, R., Gunawan, J., Effendy, D. S., Ahmad, L. O. A. I., Lestari, H., Bahar, H., & Asfian, P. (2020). Correlation between weather and COVID-19 pandemic in Jakarta, Indonesia. Science of the Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138436
Van Bruggen, J. (2005). Theory and practice of online learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 36(1), 111–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2005.00445_1.x
Widodo, S. A., Cahyani, E. R., & Istiqomah, I. (2020). Single Subject Research?: Learning Algebra Operations in Introverted Students. Formatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan MIPA, 10(2), 133–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/formatif.v10i2.6300
Widodo, S. A., Prihatiningsih, A., & Taufiq, I. (2021). Single subject research: Use of interactive video in children with developmental disabilities with dyscalculia to introduce natural numbers. Participatory Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.31.8.2
Wolf, M. M. (1978). Social validity: the case for subjective measurement or how applied behavior analysis is finding its heart 1. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11(2), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1978.11-203
Yanti, O. F., Prahmana, R. C. I., & Fitriyah, F. (2018). Single Subject Research: Pembelajaran Phytagoras Pada Siswa Introvert Kelas VIII. Beta Jurnal Tadris Matematika, 11(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.20414/betajtm.v11i1.147
Zaharah, Z., & Kirilova, G. I. (2020). Impact of Corona Virus Outbreak Towards Teaching and Learning Activities in Indonesia. SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-I, 7(3), 269–282. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v7i3.15104
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Instructional Mathematics
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License