Improving Students' Critical Thinking Skills Using Multimedia in a Problem-Based Learning Model (PBL): a Narrative Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37640/jip.v16i2.2179Keywords:
problem-based learning, multimedia, digital media, critical thinkingAbstract
This study explores the impact of problem-based learning (PBL) models on students' critical thinking skills, particularly those integrated with multimedia. The research reviews existing literature on the use of multimedia in PBL and evaluates its effects on student learning outcomes. Using a quantitative approach focusing on quasi-experimental designs, the study analyzes findings from multiple studies demonstrating multimedia's positive influence of multimedia, such as videos, animations, and e-books, on critical thinking. The results show that while multimedia significantly enhances student engagement and problem-solving abilities, its effectiveness is also influenced by factors such as student motivation and teacher expertise in integrating technology. However, the adoption of multimedia in PBL remains limited across educational contexts, and long-term impacts remain underexplored. The study highlights the need for further research on the long-term effects of multimedia-supported PBL and emphasizes the importance of teacher training in utilizing multimedia tools effectively. The findings suggest that expanding multimedia use in PBL could improve critical thinking skills and learning outcomes, with potential benefits for educational practices and policy development.
Downloads
References
Agyapong, B., Obuobi-Donkor, G., Burback, L., & Wei, Y. (2022). Stress, Burnout, Anxiety and Depression among Teachers: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710706
Ahdhianto, E., Marsigit, M., Haryanto, H., & Nurfauzi, Y. (2020). Improving Fifth-Grade Students’ Mathematical Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking Skills Using Problem-Based Learning. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(5), 2012–2021. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080539
Amin, S., Utaya, S., Bachri, S., Sumarmi, S., & Susilo, S. (2020). Effect of Problem Based Learning on Critical Thinking Skill and Enviromental Attitude. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(2), 743–755. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.650344
Arifin, S., Setyosari, P., Sa’dijah, C., & Kuswandi, D. (2020). The effect of problem based learning by cognitive style on critical thinking skills and student retention. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 10(2), 271. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.790
Budakoglu, I. I., Coskun, O., & Ozeke, V. (2023). e-PBL with multimedia animations: a design-based research. BMC Medical Education, 23(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04298-x
Cooper, G. (2023). Examining Science Education in ChatGPT: An Exploratory Study of Generative Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 32(3), 444–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-023-10039-y
Deng, Y., Zeng, Z., Jha, K., & Huang, D. (2022). Problem- Based Cybersecurity Lab with Knowledge Graph as Guidance. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Technology. https://doi.org/10.37965/jait.2022.0066
Garg, S., Ahmad, A., & Madsen, D. O. (2024). Academic writing in the age of AI: Comparing the reliability of ChatGPT and Bard with Scopus and Web of Science. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 9(4), 100563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100563
Gumisirizah, N., Nzabahimana, J., & Muwonge, C. M. (2024). Students’ performance, attitude, and classroom observation data to assess the effect of problem-based learning approach supplemented by YouTube videos in Ugandan classroom. Scientific Data, 11(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03206-2
Indrasiene, V., Jegeleviciene, V., Merfeldaite, O., Penkauskiene, D., Pivoriene, J., Railiene, A., Sadauskas, J., & Valaviciene, N. (2022). The Interaction Between Understanding of Critical Thinking and Teaching/Learning of Critical Thinking Skills. Pedagogika, 144(4), 25–42. https://doi.org/10.15823/p.2021.144.2
Jowsey, T., Foster, G., Cooper-Ioelu, P., & Jacobs, S. (2020). Blended learning via distance in pre-registration nursing education: A scoping review. Nurse Education in Practice, 44(March), 102775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102775
Karakoyun, F., & Lindberg, O. J. (2020). Preservice teachers’ views about the twenty-first century skills: A qualitative survey study in Turkey and Sweden. Education and Information Technologies, 25(4), 2353–2369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10148-w
Koo, M., & Lin, S. (2024). Heliyon Retracted articles in scientific literature: A bibliometric analysis from 2003 to 2022 using the Web of Science. Heliyon, 10(20), e38620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38620
Lee, J. (2022). Problem-based gaming via an augmented reality mobile game and a printed game in foreign language education. Education and Information Technologies, 27(1), 743–771. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10391-1
Li, Y., Li, K., Wei, W., Dong, J., Wang, C., Fu, Y., Li, J., & Peng, X. (2021). Critical thinking, emotional intelligence and conflict management styles of medical students: A cross-sectional study. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 40(February), 100799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100799
Liu, Y., & Pasztor, A. (2022). Effects of problem-based learning instructional intervention on critical thinking in higher education: A meta-analysis. In Thinking Skills and Creativity. Elsevier. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871187122000724
Liu, Z., Li, S., Shang, S., & Ren, X. (2021). How Do Critical Thinking Ability and Critical Thinking Disposition Relate to the Mental Health of University Students? Frontiers in Psychology, 12(August), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.704229
Lozano Terron, C., Lorenzo Alvarez, R., & Sendra Portero, F. (2024). A problem-based learning experience in a radiology rotation for sixth-year medical students. Radiología (English Edition), 66(3), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rxeng.2022.10.016
Mardi, M., Fauzi, A., & Respati, D. K. (2021). Development of Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Through Guided Discovery Learning (GDL) and Problem-Based Learning Models (PBL) in Accountancy Education. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 2021(95), 210–226. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2021.95.12
Marthaliakirana, A. D., Suwono, H., Saefi, M., & Gofur, A. (2022). Problem-based learning with metacognitive prompts for enhancing argumentation and critical thinking of secondary school students. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 18(9), em2148. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/12304
Nicholus, G., Nzabahimana, J., & Muwonge, C. M. (2024). Evaluating video-based PBL approach on performance and critical thinking ability among Ugandan form-2 secondary school students. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2346040
Pellas, N., Dengel, A., & Christopoulos, A. (2020). A Scoping Review of Immersive Virtual Reality in STEM Education. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 13(4), 748–761. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2020.3019405
Pimdee, P., Sukkamart, A., Nantha, C., Kantathanawat, T., & Leekitchwatana, P. (2024). Enhancing Thai student-teacher problem-solving skills and academic achievement through a blended problem-based learning approach in online flipped classrooms. Heliyon, 10(7), e29172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29172
Pitorini, D. E., Suciati, & Harlita. (2024). Students’ Critical Thinking Skills Using an E-Module Based on Problem-Based Learning Combined with Socratic Dialogue. Journal of Learning for Development, 11(1), 52–65. https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v11i1.1014
Rahman, M. M., & Watanobe, Y. (2023). ChatGPT for Education and Research: Opportunities, Threats, and Strategies. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 13(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095783
Rivas, S. F., Saiz, C., & Ossa, C. (2022). Metacognitive Strategies and Development of Critical Thinking in Higher Education. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.913219
Roozenbeek, J., Schneider, C. R., Dryhurst, S., Kerr, J., Freeman, A. L. J., Recchia, G., Van Der Bles, A. M., & Van Der Linden, S. (2020). Susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 around the world: Susceptibility to COVID misinformation. Royal Society Open Science, 7(10). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201199
Salazar, L. M., Díaz, M. H. R., & Slisko, J. (2023). Critical Thinking Development in Physics Courses by Problem-Based Learning in Virtual Collaboration Environments. International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education, 31(4), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.30722/IJISME.31.04.003
Seruni, R., Munawaroh, S., Kurniadewi, F., & Nurjayadi, M. (2020). Implementation of e-module flip PDF professional to improve students’ critical thinking skills through problem based learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1521(4), 042085. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1521/4/042085
Shorey, S., Chan, V., Rajendran, P., & Ang, E. (2021). Learning styles, preferences and needs of generation Z healthcare students: Scoping review. Nurse Education in Practice, 57(October), 103247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103247
Silviariza, W. Y., Sumarmi, S., & Handoyo, B. (2021). Improving Critical Thinking Skills of Geography Students with Spatial-Problem Based Learning (SPBL). International Journal of Instruction, 14(3), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.1438a
Solissa, J., Blegur, J., & Tlonaen, Z. A. (2024). Problem-based learning and problem solving model: which is more effective in improving student learning achievement? Retos, 60(60), 816–822. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.108212
Sumarni, W., & Kadarwati, S. (2020). Ethno-stem project-based learning: Its impact to critical and creative thinking skills. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 9(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v9i1.21754
Susanto, T. T. D., Dwiyanti, P. B., Marini, A., Sagita, J., Safitri, D., & Soraya, E. (2022). E-Book with Problem Based Learning to Improve Student Critical Thinking in Science Learning at Elementary School. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 16(20), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i20.32951
Tam, W. (2023). Nursing education in the age of artificial intelligence powered Chatbots (AI-Chatbots): Are we ready yet? Nurse Education Today, 129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105917
Tang, T., Vezzani, V., & Eriksson, V. (2020). Developing critical thinking, collective creativity skills and problem solving through playful design jams. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 37(August), 100696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100696
Taningrum, N., Kriswanto, E. S., Pambudi, A. F., & Wahyudwi, W. D. Y. (2024). Improving Critical Thinking Skills Using Animated Videos Based on Problem-Based Learning Mejora de las habilidades de pensamiento crítico mediante vídeos animados basados en el aprendizaje basado en problemas. Retos, 57(1), 692–696. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.103297
Trullzas, J. C., Blay, C., Sarri, E., & Pujol, R. (2022). Effectiveness of problem-based learning methodology in undergraduate medical education: a scoping review. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03154-8
Ubaidillah, M., Hartono, Marwoto, P., Wiyanto, & Subali, B. (2023). How to Improve Critical Thinking in Physics Learning? A Systematic Literature Review. In Journal of Educational, Cultural and Psychological Studies (Vol. 2023, Issue 28). https://doi.org/10.7358/ecps-2023-028-ubai
Waite, L. H., Smith, M. A., & McGiness, T. P. (2020). Impact of a problem-based learning elective on performance in non-problem-based learning required courses. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 12(12), 1470–1476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2020.07.015
Wynekoop, J., & Nakatani, K. (2024). Critical thinking skills for computing professionals: Closing the education – industry gap. Industry and Higher Education, 38(4), 376–384. https://doi.org/10.1177/09504222231221530
Y Hairun, M. S., Suparman, S., & Hairun, Y. (2020). Analysis and Design of PBL-Based Mathematics Students Worksheet to Improve Critical Thinking Skills. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(8), 3310–3322. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080803
Yang, S.-Y., & OH, Y.-H. (2023). Video-Assisted Versus Traditional Problem-Based Learning: A Quasi-Experimental Study Among Pediatric Nursing Students. Journal of Nursing Research, 31(3), e277. https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0000000000000557
Yang, S., Choi, J. S., Lee, J. W., & Kim, E. mee. (2024). Designing an effective fact-checking education program: The complementary relationship between games and lectures in teaching media literacy. Computers and Education, 221(June), 105136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105136
Zamroni, E., Muslihati, Lasan, B. B., & Hidayah, N. (2020). Blended Learning based on Problem Based Learning to Improve Critical Thinking Ability of Prospective Counselors. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1539(1), 012039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1539/1/012039
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1539(1), 012039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1539/1/012039
Zhao, Z., Lv, D., & Chen, L. (2024). Application of Problem-Based Learning Combined with Micro-Video Teaching in Burn Surgery and Its Impact on Satisfaction with Teaching. Journal of Investigative Surgery, 37(1), 2403534.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mhd. Abror Muzakkir Muda, Jodion Siburian, Musli Musli
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
